According to the JD-R model, what are the two broad categories of work conditions that influence burnout?

• A. Job demands and job resources
• B. Salary and benefits
• C. Physical workspace and lighting
• D. Scheduling flexibility only

Answer: (B)

The two broad categories are job demands and job resources. Job demands are aspects of work that require sustained physical or mental effort and can lead to strain or burnout when they are high or prolonged—for example, heavy workload, tight deadlines, and emotionally charged interactions. Job resources are elements that help you achieve work goals, reduce the impact of demands, and support your growth—such as supervisor support, autonomy, adequate training, and constructive feedback. In the JD-R framework, burnout is most likely when demands are high and resources are low, while ample resources can buffer the negative effects of high demands and promote engagement. The other choices don’t reflect the model: salary and benefits are not the two categories, and while the physical workspace or scheduling flexibility can be resources, they aren’t described as the two overarching categories in this model.