Which of the following is NOT a protective factor associated with lower burnout risk?

• A. Supervisor support
• B. Autonomy/organizational control
• C. Access to social support and resilience training
• D. Chronic workplace bullying by colleagues

Answer: (D)

When thinking about factors that protect healthcare workers from burnout, the focus is on resources that bolster support, control, and coping. Supervisor support provides emotional and practical help, signaling that help is available and problems can be addressed. Autonomy and organizational control give clinicians a say in decisions and workflows, reducing feelings of helplessness and increasing perceived control. Access to social support and resilience training strengthens coping skills and a sense of belonging, which buffers stress and protects well-being.

Chronic workplace bullying by colleagues, in contrast, adds stress, erodes trust and psychological safety, and undermines the very supports and control that help prevent burnout. It increases emotional exhaustion and cynicism, making burnout more likely. So the described bullying is not a protective factor.